How does the Human Organism Regulate Itself?

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Human Organismic self-regulation

The human organism has built‑in “monitoring systems” that constantly check the body and signal when a primal need (like air, water, food, temperature, rest, or safety) is off balance. This process of checking and correcting is called Homeostasis: keeping things in a “good enough” range so the body can survive and function.

The Sel-Regulation Process​

Step 1: Sensors check the inside of the body

Tiny sensors all over the body measure things like:

• Temperature
• Amount of water and salt in the blood
• Blood sugar and stored fat
• Oxygen and carbon dioxide levels

These sensors send information to the brain, especially to a small but important area called the Hypothalamus, which acts like a control centre.​

If something drifts too far from the healthy range (too hot, too little water, too little energy), the sensors “report” this change, and the brain detects that a need is not being met.​

Step 2: The brain compares “how things are” with “how they should be”

The hypothalamus and related brain areas constantly compare the incoming signals with target levels (for example, a safe body temperature or blood sugar range).​

• If the body is in balance, the system stays relatively quiet.
• If something is off, the brain treats it like an error message: “We’re low on water,” “We’re overheating,” or “Energy stores are falling.”​

This comparison happens automatically, without conscious effort, many times every second.

Step 3: The brain creates drives and feelings

When the brain detects a problem, it doesn’t just quietly note it; it creates a drive – a strong urge plus a feeling, to push behaviour in the right direction. For example:

• Low water > thirst
• Low energy > hunger
• Too hot > discomfort and a craving for shade or cool air.

These drives are created by brain circuits and hormones acting together; hormones from the gut, fat tissue, and other organs carry messages to the brain, which then generates feelings and motivations.​

So the body does not say “your blood sugar is 3.5”; it says “you feel hungry and shaky – go eat.” This feeling is the mind’s way of reading the body’s monitoring system.​

Step 4: The body and brain change behaviour and body settings

Once a drive is created, the organism responds in two main ways:

Behaviour changes:

• Hunger makes a person look for food, think about food, and choose to eat.
• Thirst drives seeking water and drinking.
• Feeling cold leads to putting on clothes or finding warmth.​

Automatic body changes:

• Sweating or shivering adjust temperature.
• Hormones change how much energy is burned or stored.
• stress responses prepare the body to fight, flee, or freeze when safety is threatened.​

The brain uses Nerves and hormones together to send these “fix it” commands to organs, muscles, and glands.​

Step 5: Feedback tells the system when to stop

As the person drinks, eats, cools down, or rests, the sensors detect the new state of the body.

• Stomach stretch and gut hormones say “enough food for now.”
• Rising blood volume and changed salt levels say “thirst is satisfied.”
• Temperature sensors say “we’re back in a safe range.”​

These updated signals go back to the brain, which then turns down the drive (hunger, thirst, discomfort). This feedback loop stops overshooting and keeps things roughly steady.​

How this relates to primal needs

All primal needs – for air, water, food, temperature balance, sleep, and basic safety – are managed by variations of this loop:

1. Sense the internal state.
2. Compare to a target.
3. Create feelings and urges if something is wrong.
4. Change behaviour and body settings to fix it.
5. Re-check and quiet the signals when balance is restored.​

The human organism constantly “checks its gauges,” and when a gauge goes into the danger zone it turns on alerts (feelings and urges) that push a person to act until the need is met and the system can relax again.

Further Reading