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Hyper-arousal is a state of increased psychological and physiological tension.

Avoidance behaviours are actions that people take to avoid or escape from unpleasant situations, feelings, or thoughts.

Flashbacks are involuntary and vivid memories of a traumatic event that can occur at any time.

Intrusive thoughts are unwanted and disturbing thoughts that pop into your mind without warning.

Intrusive memories are unwanted and distressing thoughts that involuntarily pop into your mind.

Disorganized thinking is a mental state in which a person has trouble organizing their thoughts and expressing them clearly.

Delusions are false beliefs that persist despite evidence to the contrary. They can affect anyone, but are more common in people with mental health conditions such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.

Hallucinations are sensory experiences that occur without any external stimulus. They can affect any of the five senses: vision, hearing, smell, taste, or touch.

Role-playing is a psychological phenomenon in which a person assumes the identity, behaviour, and perspective of another individual or character

Modelling is a psychological process in which a person learns new behaviours by observing and imitating others.