Stomach acid, primarily hydrochloric acid (HCl), is a powerful digestive fluid with a pH of 1.5-3.5, crucial for breaking down food (especially proteins into amino acids), activating digestive enzymes like pepsin, and killing harmful bacteria and pathogens ingested with food. It’s produced by the stomach lining and protected by a thick mucus layer, but issues arise if it’s too weak (hypochlorhydria) or too strong, leading to digestive problems or reflux (heartburn).
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