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Bilateral medial-temporal resections involve removing or ablating structures like the hippocampus and amygdala on both sides of the brain. This procedure is generally avoided for drug-resistant epilepsy because removing both medial temporal lobes causes profound, irreversible anterograde amnesia, as historically demonstrated by patient H.M

The hippocampal region, or hippocampal formation, is a major seahorse-shaped structure located deep inside the medial temporal lobe of the brain. It has two halves, with one in each hemisphere, and plays a vital role in turning short-term memory into long-term memory, as well as in spatial navigation

In neuropsychology, a selective dissociation occurs when a brain injury or experimental condition impairs one cognitive or emotional function while leaving another closely related function completely intact. This selective pattern helps researchers map specific mental processes to distinct neural networks.

Chromosomes are thread-like structures in cell nuclei made of DNA wrapped tightly around proteins. They carry genetic blueprints from parent to child. Humans normally have 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs, with half inherited from each biological parent.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae, commonly known as baker’s yeast, is a unicellular eukaryote that has been utilized for thousands of years in baking, brewing, and winemaking. This yeast is distinguished by its relatively simple genetic structure, containing approximately 6,000 genes across 16 chromosomes.

Mitosis is a type of cell division where one single cell copies its DNA and splits into two new cells. These two new cells are exact copies of the first cell. This process helps living things grow and fix hurt body parts.

Signal transduction is the cellular process of converting an external chemical or physical message into a coordinated internal response. It functions through a multi-step pathway where extracellular signals bind to specific receptors, triggering molecular relays that direct cell growth, division, metabolism, or death

Self-knowledge is the understanding of your own character, feelings, motives, values, and abilities. It is a continuous, lifelong process of learning who you are, what you want, and why you act the way you do.

Psychological multiplicity, as developed in this thesis, is the hypothesis that some of this plurality reflects organised differentiation within the psychological organism.

Near-decomposable systems are complex structures divided into smaller subsystems. The short-term behavior of each part is mostly independent, while long-term interactions between parts happen only in a simple, aggregate way. This concept, introduced by economist and polymath Herbert Simon, explains how complex natural and human systems function and survive